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- <text id=90TT1931>
- <title>
- July 23, 1990: Needed:More Get Up And Go
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 23, 1990 The Palestinians
- The American Economy
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 58
- Needed: More Get Up and Go
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The Federal Reserve says it is ready to lower interest rates
- </p>
- <p> Business leaders and politicians have been complaining for
- months that the Federal Reserve's high-interest-rate policy
- could push the U.S. into a recession, but Federal Reserve
- Chairman Alan Greenspan has steadfastly maintained that rates
- must be kept up to hold inflation at bay. Last week Greenspan
- blinked. In testimony before the Senate Banking Committee, he
- acknowledged for the first time that many banks are causing a
- credit crunch by being overly stingy in granting loans. As a
- result, Greenspan said, the Federal Reserve may act to "offset"
- the credit tightening by engineering a "modest" drop in
- interest rates.
- </p>
- <p> On Wall Street, investors greeted the circumspect statement
- with nearly unrestrained joy. Greenspan's remarks helped send
- the Dow Jones industrial average up 37.13 points on Thursday.
- The Dow briefly touched 3000 on Friday before closing at a
- record 2980.20, up 75.25 for the week.
- </p>
- <p> The hint of lower interest rates helped ease fears that the
- 7 1/2-year-old economic expansion, which has slowed to an
- anemic annual rate of less than 2%, might groan to a halt. The
- government offered further reassurance last week when it
- reported that retail sales rose a healthy 0.5% in June, after
- falling for three straight months. At the same time, the
- Producer Price Index, which measures the wholesale cost of
- goods, rose just 0.2% in June, indicating that inflation is
- under control.
- </p>
- <p> Despite the heartening figures, many consumers and companies
- across the U.S. remain mired in the economic doldrums. The
- gloom is particularly deep in the troubled Northeast, which has
- been reeling from tight credit and downturns in everything from
- computers to construction. In Massachusetts the unemployment
- rate has surged from 3% in 1988 to 5.8%. Meanwhile, the
- securities industry has laid off 45,000 employees, or about 10%
- of its work force, since the 1987 crash. The hard times caused
- home sales to slide 15% in the Northeast last year. "It's hard
- to see how things could get terribly much worse in the region,"
- says Samuel Hayes, a professor at the Harvard Business School.
- </p>
- <p> Other parts of the country are also feeling a pinch.
- Cutbacks in defense spending have slowed the jaunty California
- economy. Defense contractors such as Lockheed, Northrop and
- McDonnell Douglas may dismiss as many as 20,000 of their
- 125,000 workers by year's end. And California agriculture, the
- state's largest industry, is suffering through the fourth year
- of a severe drought. "There's no engine of growth in sight,"
- says Larry Kimbell, director of the Business Forecasting
- Project at the U.C.L.A. School of Management. "In the past, one
- sector after another took the lead in sustaining the economic
- expansion. But we currently see no such activity on the
- horizon."
- </p>
- <p> The slow growth has taken a heavy toll on many industries.
- Ford, Chrysler and General Motors idled 45 of their 62 U.S. and
- Canadian plants for up to four weeks in the first half of 1990.
- Along with the closings, the Big Three have laid off or fired
- 38,000 workers. "Manufacturers are very cautious," says Stanley
- Gault, chairman of Ohio-based Rubbermaid, a leading maker of
- household products. "The economy is just hobbling along."
- </p>
- <p> The weakness has caused many companies to put away their
- help-wanted signs. U.S. firms created only 660,000 new jobs in
- the first half of the year, a 50% drop from the first six
- months of 1989. The dearth of new positions was matched by a
- corresponding decline in the number of job seekers. In a
- worrisome trend, 900,000 discouraged people stopped looking for
- work in the second quarter, an increase of 20% over the
- previous three months.
- </p>
- <p> One of the few bright spots for U.S. corporations has been
- a surge of exports. With the growing appetite for American
- goods, foreign sales of products as varied as minivans,
- jetliners and health-care products in the first four months of
- 1990 climbed 8.9% above the figure for the same period last
- year. The strong performance offset a 4.8% rise in imports and
- helped cut the U.S. trade deficit from its peak of $152 billion
- in 1987 to a current annual rate of $92.2 billion.
- </p>
- <p> Amid such crosscurrents, many economists hope that the White
- House and Congress will make substantial progress in their
- talks on shrinking the budget deficit. While the proposed $50
- billion reduction could dampen the economy in the short run,
- many experts argue that a smaller deficit would reduce the
- danger of rising inflation and encourage the Federal Reserve
- to let interest rates fall. "I would have preferred to see the
- deficit attacked earlier, when the economy was stronger," says
- Lyle Gramley, chief economist for the Mortgage Bankers
- Association and a former Federal Reserve governor. "But we
- ought to take the risk of doing what is needed for the long-run
- health of the economy now."
- </p>
- <p> For the present, most economists predict that the expansion
- will reach its eighth birthday in November and continue at
- about a 2% rate through 1991. But that is cold comfort for many
- people. "The real issues are stagflation and stagnation," says
- David Hale, chief economist of Kemper Financial Services.
- "Instead of long unemployment lines, we're going to see
- increased frustration and resentment over stalled growth and
- incomes."
- </p>
- <p> Four years ago, the expansion seemed in imminent danger of
- coming to an end. But then a combination of rising exports and
- resurgent consumer spending helped give business a needed lift.
- A cut in interest rates might now keep things rolling.
- </p>
- <p>By John Greenwald. Reported by Gisela Bolte/Washington and
- William McWhirter/Chicago.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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